Swallowing semen is relatively safe. However, there may be a risk of sexually transmitted infection (STI) transmission.
Oral sex is a common form of sexual activity that may sometimes involve the swallowing of semen.
However, while swallowing semen is typically safe, it is not a necessary part of oral sex, and a person should not feel pressure to do it if they do not wish to.
This article explores the safety, benefits, and risks of swallowing semen.
Semen is a mixture of fluids from different bodily glands and includes sperm.
When an individual ejaculates from the penis, they produce semen, which contains water, protein, and small amounts of sperm. The prostate contributes the following to semen:
The seminal vesicles (reproductive glands) add the following to semen:
- fructose
- ascorbic acid
- prostaglandins
The ampulla of the vas deferens — the part of the tube that takes sperm from the testicles to the urethra — also contributes fructose.
It is generally safe to swallow semen, as none of the components in it are harmful. However, there are a few cases where it may not be safe to swallow this liquid mixture.
For example, some people can be allergic to semen, which is known as seminal plasma hypersensitivity. A semen allergy can lead to discomfort, itching, and swelling at the site where a person comes into contact with it.
The largest risk relating to swallowing semen is the risk of STI transmission.
Engaging in oral sex without a barrier method of contraception carries the risk of STI transmission. By engaging in oral sex without using a barrier method, people are at risk of contracting the following STIs:
Factors that may increase a person’s risk of contracting an STI through oral sex include:
- open sores in or around the genitals or mouth
- inadequate oral hygiene
- exposure to the pre-ejaculate or semen containing an STI
People can limit their risk of contracting STIs through oral sex by using barrier methods of contraception, such as condoms. They can also ensure that they and their partner(s) frequently test for STIs.
Many different chemicals combine to make semen and may influence its taste.
The taste of semen varies from person to person. Some people describe the taste as being:
- salty
- bitter
- sweet
- metallic
- musky
Despite plenty of anecdotal evidence, there is no definitive research showing that diet affects the taste of semen. Some people suggest that fruit juice and vegetables improve the taste, while red meat, cheese, and coffee may make it taste worse.
There has been little research into the health benefits of swallowing semen.
Many nutritional claims about semen are false. Since people produce a small amount of ejaculate, it is unlikely that anyone will consume enough for it to have any discernible health effects.
Swallowing semen is typically safe. However, people can spread sexually transmitted infections (STIs) through semen. Sexual partners need to test for STIs before engaging in any sexual activity.
Each partner should be comfortable with and consent to this type of activity before engaging in it.